Family name first, then given name(s) — e.g. Achebe / Chinua. Remove every row (or leave them empty) if there is no author; organisations go in the family-name box.
How the formatting works — and what to double-check
APA 7: authors as "Family, F. M." (up to 20, with & before the last); article, book and page titles converted to sentence case; book and journal titles italic; journal volume italic with the issue in roman parentheses; page ranges use an en dash; DOIs appear as bare https://doi.org/ links. APA only adds a retrieval date for content designed to change, so this tool omits it.
MLA 9: first author inverted, second in natural order, three or more become "et al."; titles in Title Case; containers italic; "vol. 12, no. 3, 2020, pp. 45–67."
Harvard (Cite Them Right): "Family, F. (Year) Title." with place: publisher; article titles in single quotes; "12(3), pp. 45–67"; "Available at: URL (Accessed: 5 July 2026)."
Chicago 17 (author–date): "Family, Given. Year. Title." with Title Case; article titles in double quotes; "Journal 12 (3): 45–67."
Sentence case is a heuristic. The converter keeps the first word, words after a colon, the word "I", and anything containing capitals mid-word (HIV, McDonald, COVID-19) — but it cannot recognise every proper noun, so check names of people and places in APA/Harvard titles.
Style guides have many special cases (translators, multi-volume works, missing dates, social media…). For coursework, always reconcile the output with your institution's own guide.
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