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An African sovereign has debt-to-GDP of 75%, real growth of 3%, real interest rate of 6%, primary deficit of 2% of GDP. Applying Δ(D/Y) ≈ (r−g)(D/Y) − pb/Y:

Debt stableΔ(D/Y) = 0.03 × 0.75 − (−0.02) = 0.0425 — debt-to-GDP rises ~4.25 percentage points per year on this trajectory, unsustainable without major adjustmentDebt fallingCannot calculate