Pan-Africanism, Race and the Diaspora
The transatlantic argument over Black identity, unity, and history. These works, written across Africa, the Americas, the Caribbean, and Europe, ask what binds people of African descent, how to read their shared past, and how to win their freedom.
The Souls of Black Folk
W.E.B. Du Bois
"The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line."
Read why it mattered →The Black Jacobins
C.L.R. James
The Haitian Revolution told as the only slave revolt to build a nation.
Read why it mattered →The African Origin of Civilization: Myth or Reality
Cheikh Anta Diop
A claim that the pharaohs were Black, and that Greece borrowed from Africa.
Read why it mattered →The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness
Paul Gilroy
Black identity as a ship in motion, not a flag over one homeland.
Read why it mattered →Pan-Africanism or Communism
George Padmore
Two roads out of empire, and a case for the African one.
Read why it mattered →Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey
Marcus Garvey (Amy Jacques Garvey, ed.)
"One God! One Aim! One Destiny!" the UNIA rallying cry.
Read why it mattered →Notebook of a Return to the Native Land
Aime Cesaire
A homecoming poem that turned a slur into a banner.
Read why it mattered →Christianity, Islam and the Negro Race
Edward Wilmot Blyden
An 1887 case that Islam served Africa better than the missionaries did.
Read why it mattered →The Africans: A Triple Heritage
Ali A. Mazrui
Africa as the meeting ground of three civilizations.
Read why it mattered →Afrocentricity
Molefi Kete Asante
See the world from an African center, not a European one.
Read why it mattered →More from the library