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02Theme · 10 books

Colonialism and Its Critics

The books that documented the conquest, the slave trade, and the plunder of a continent, and the critics who took apart the ideas used to justify them.

01Political economy· 1972· Guyana

How Europe Underdeveloped Africa

Walter Rodney

Development and underdevelopment were two sides of one coin, minted in Europe.

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02History· 1998· United States

King Leopold's Ghost

Adam Hochschild

A king who never set foot in the Congo turned it into a private slaughterhouse for rubber.

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03Essay· 1950· Martinique

Discourse on Colonialism

Aime Cesaire

Colonization, he wrote, works to decivilize the colonizer.

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04Psychoanalysis· 1952· Martinique

Black Skin, White Masks

Frantz Fanon

He began with the wound that colonialism leaves inside the mind.

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05Sociology· 1957· Tunisia

The Colonizer and the Colonized

Albert Memmi

Two figures locked in a single, deforming relationship that neither could leave.

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06History· 1991· Ireland

The Scramble for Africa

Thomas Pakenham

In barely three decades a few European powers carved up a continent.

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07Novella· 1899· Poland/Britain

Heart of Darkness

Joseph Conrad

The best-known novel of empire, and the most fiercely contested.

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08Literary criticism· 1977· Nigeria

An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness

Chinua Achebe

Conrad, Achebe charged, was a thoroughgoing racist, and the canon had refused to see it.

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09History· 2002· United States

Africa Since 1940: The Past of the Present

Frederick Cooper

The present is not a blank slate; it is the past still at work.

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10History· 1992· Sweden

Exterminate All the Brutes

Sven Lindqvist

The phrase is Kurtz's; Lindqvist followed it to its end in genocide.

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